INTERNET PROTOCOL (IPv4) Motivation The Internet Protocol (IP) is designed for use in interconnected systems of packet-switched computer communication networks. Such a system has been called a “catenet”. The internet protocol (IP) provides for transmitting blocks of data called datagrams from sources to destinations, where sources and destinations are hosts identified by fixed length addresses. […]
INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL ( ICMP ) The Internet Protocol (IP) is used for host-to-host datagram service in a system of interconnected networks called the Catenet. The network connecting devices are called Gateways. These gateways communicate between themselves for control purposes via a Gateway to Gateway Protocol (GGP). Occasionally a gateway or destination host will […]
Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (GGP) These core routers used a special routing protocol to communicate called the Gateway-To-Gateway Protocol (GGP). GGP was originally developed in the early 1980s by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) one of the pioneers of the Internet and TCP/IP. It was documented in RFC 823 and published in September 1982. The modern Internet […]
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) Routing in the early Internet was done using a small number of centralized core routers that maintained complete information about network reachability on the Internet. They exchanged information using the historical interior routing protocol, the Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol (GGP). Around the periphery of this core were located other non-core routers, sometimes standalone […]
Border Gateway Protocol BGP The Border Gateway Protocol BGP is an inter-Autonomous System routing protocol. It is built on experience gained with EGP as defined in RFC 904 and EGP usage in the NSFNET Backbone as described in RFC 1092 and RFC 1093. The primary function of a BGP speaking system is to exchange network […]
Mobile Communication Evolution and Technologies In this document, we are going to briefly introduce Mobile Communication Evolution and Technologies used, starting from 1G to 4G. 1G Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) is an analog mobile cell phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas on October 13, 1983, Israel […]
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